Compound quick-combustion engine



W. G. GERNANDT. coi/POUND QUICK coMBusTloN ENGINE.

APPuc/mou man 0m16.191s.

Patented .T1113T 20, 1920.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

w. G. GERNA'NDT. COMPOUND QUICK COMBUSTION ENGINE 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Patented July 20, 1920.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 16, 1918.

. gerad/7 UNITED s'rATEsj PATENT OFFICE.

' WALDO G. GEB'NANDT, 0F CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

CQMPOUND QUICK-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application led December 16, .1918. Serial No. 266,911.

To all 307mm t mag/concern.'

Be it known that I, VVALDO G. GERNANDT, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Compound Quick-Combustion Engines, hof which the following is a specification, reference being had to the drawings which accompany and form a part hereof.

This invention relates to quick combustion engines of the high and low compression type; that is, to engines in which the fuel. ,is injected into gas under pressure Ain the combustionl chamber of the engine and there ignited by the heat and over-pressure, and to those where a combustibleA mixture is obtained means of-a carbureter, put under pressure in the combustion chamber and ignited, as by means of an electric s ark.

Objects of this invention are to o tain a compound quick combustion engine which is economical in construction and operation; which comprises few parts, not liable to break or get out of order; an engine which may be effectively run at a high rate of speed, and an engine the operation and. management whereof is easily understood by persons not particularly skilled in the art. A further object is to obtain an engine, of the type named, which is adapted for use with a carbureter and an ignition4 plug,

with a fuel injector substituted for said carbureterfand ignition plug, and vwith a carbureter and ignition plug and a fuel injector, as preferred.

An additional object is to obtain a high speed quick combustion engine which is of comparative light weight for the horse power developed thereby; and which occupies limited space in view: of said horse power. In each unit of a construction embodying this invention, in the drawing referred to, a ,single two cyclecylinder andplston and a plurality of four cycle cylinders and pistons are illustrated.

The function of the two cycle cylinder and piston is varied from the usual function thereof, in that there is no ignition therein, it being drivenon each power cycle thereof byvexhaust gases from t e four cycle cylin= ders, and on the compression cycle the compressed charge thereof, whether the same be a fuel' mixture or air, being delivered therefrom toa cylinder of the four cycle type, said delivery directed alternately into one and then the other of said four cycle cylinders.

It thus occurs that the two cycle cylinder and piston serve, on the compresslon cycle of the piston thereof, as a pump, to alternately supply the four.cycle cylinders with la charge, and on the outgoing travel thereof as a motor, receiving and utilizing the contents of the four cycle cylinders as the same exhaust therefrom while said contents are above atmospheric pressure.

The four cycle cylinders and pistons have, also, an additional function to'ithe usual ones thereof, and which I believe to be new 'as applied to four cycle engines, to Wit, on every compression and exhaust cycle o`f the piston thereof, said piston functions as a pump piston, drawing a fuel mixture, -or

cylinders, when the engine is being run at a high ratel of speed, thus enablin me to obtain an engine adapted to perform efficient work while running at said high rate.

Figure l illustrates a vertical sectionall View of one unit of an engine embodying this invention.

Fig. 2 a vertical sectional view on line 2- of Fig, 1, viewed in the direction indicated by the arrows, and

Fig. 3 a vertical sectional view on the same line as Fig. 1, of a modification of the head of the cylinders of the unit.

A reference character applied to designate a given part indicates said part throughout the several figures of the drawing, wherever the same appears.

1 designates an illustration of the cylinder of a two cycle type' engine, and 2, 2', cylinders of a four cycle t pe. 2 and 2c are applied to the combustion chambers of c linders 2, 2', respectively. 3 represents h ilo Iit

' provide for a' rapid exhaust from the cylinder of the four cycle type which dischargesB thereinto, and for additional'expansion of the products of combustion while therein.

7 represents the crank shafta`iidv7b the balance Wheel of they engine. 8 represents the connecting rod between piston 5 and the wrist pin thereof on crank shaft 7, and 9, 9',

the connecting rods between pistons 6, 6',

and the wrist pins thereof, respectively. 10 represents the inlet ports to cylinder 1; and 1l the exhaust ports-therefrom. 10', Fig. 2, represents a passages way from crank case chamber 12 to ports 10 of cylinder 5. 13, 13, are applied to designate the crank case chamber of cylinders 2, 2'. Lubricating oil is stored therein.

Crank case chamber 12 is separated from crank case chamber 13, 13, by walls or partitions 14; and 15, 15', represent check valves through which, in one direction, communication is established from chamber'13, 13, to chamber 12, and by which communication between said chambers in the opposite direction is obstructed.

16 represents a check valve through which a fuel mixture, (or air) may flow into crank case chamber 12; and by which the flow from said chamber is obstructed.

17, 17 are similar check valves to valve 16,

and respectively perform similar functions,

relative to crank case chamber13, 13.

Where a carbure'ter is attached to the unit the'ordinarly manifold, indicated by broken lines 18 in ig. 2,'is interposed betweencsaid carbureter and check valves 16, and 17, 17, to supply a fuel mixture to said crankl chambers 12, and 13,13.. y

Cylinders 2 and 2', are respectively illustrated asy provided withv valves 19, 19', and said valves respectively performl the functions of an inlet and exhaust valve.

20, 20 represent passage Ways which are put into communication with combustion vwith said chamber.

chambers 2c and 2. on the unseating of said valves 19, 19'; and in the construction'which is illustrated in Figs. 1. and'2said passage ways are provided with valves 2l, 21', to

obstruct, (when seated) communication between said passage ways and the chamber in cylinder 1 which is in advance of piston 5. In' the modification which is all times =in unobstructed communication Said chamber in cylinder 1 is between iston 5 andvalves 21 uand 21', inVFig. l, and) functions (in conjunction with piston 5) asa compressionl andpowerl chamber.

22 represents packing, or its equivalent, tov

the stems ofvalves 19, 19', and' 21, 21,1'. 23,

' valves illustrated in the.

construction stantially double the volume illustrated in.' Fig.3 saidpassage ways 20 and 20' are at j 23, represent springs which yieldingly hold valves 19, 19', 21 and 21' seated.`

24 represents a cam shaft, and 24b the bearings thereof. 25 represent cams on shaft 24. 26 represents` the driving connection between cam shaft 24 and crank shaft 7. Cams 25Y are in timed relation to the pistons 6 and 6'.

A plurality of valves 15, 15', and'17, 17 lessen the weight and capacity of each thereof over what is-iequired when a single one of said valves, (15 or 15'A and 17) is used;-

but of course I do notconfine-myself to the use of two of said check valves in either instance.

In the modification which is illustrated in Fig. 3 the pressure of the exhaust gases from cylinders 2, 2', when the engine is operating, g

is applied to the seated one of valves 19, 19';

-while in the construction which is illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 the exhaust gases from said cylinders are conducted directly into cylinder l, through the unseated one of the valves 21, 21', and .the pressure thereof extends to the seatedone of said valves. Where sleeve or circular valves are substituted for the pop drawings said extension of said pressure is not objectionable, but where pop -valves are used I prefer the which is illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2. o l YThe engine being in operation an inspiration of air (or fuel mixture, as preferred) alternately occurs in crank chambers 12 and 13, 13;l (on the combined inspiration and compression travel, through valve 16, and on both the compression and exhaust travel (2nd and 4th cycles) of pistonsr6, and 6'., through valves 17). On the next half-turn of crank shaft 7, (1st and `3rd cycles of pistons 6, 6'), the pressure obtained inxcrankchamber 13 is discharged in to chamber 12 through valves 15, 15'. Assuming, (as is illustrated) the displacement of' pistonsi, 6' 'is substantially the. same asthe displacement of cylinder 5;,

at every revolution of the crank shaft there will be dep'osited in crank chamber' 12 subof`air, (or fuel mixture), required to fill, at` atmospheric pressure, said cylinder v 5 lon Athe combined inspiration and compression travel thereof.

1i ample supply is thus obtained to insure good exhaust ,from said cylinder 5 at the completion of its power travel, (2nd'cycle). The displacement of said piston 5; bein as .assume equal todthe .d's lacement of oth cylinders 6 and 6', and oni) inders 6, 6', being on its inspiration travel (1st cyc le) while piston 5 is on its combi/ned inspiration-and compression travel,

pycle) (theother of said" cylinders 6, 6 be- -ing on its power travel, (3rd vcycle),), it

(1st cycle) of piston 5 each and every inspiration travel of pistons y travel thereof, and during said cycle products of combustion from cylinder 2, (or 2') iow through passage way 2() (or 20') into cylinder 1. Said fiow is determined by the timed opening of valves 19 and 21, when piston 6 is on its exhaust travel, (4th cycle), and the timed opening of valves 19' and 21' when piston 6' is on its Lith cycle. On the substantial completion of the 2nd cycle of travel of piston 5 the products of combustion in cylinder 1 are discharged therefrom through ports 1f, and an additional charge is received from crank chamber 12', through ports 10, 10, to be deposited in one or the other of cylinders 2, 2', as above recited.

- Cylinder 2, (or 2') having received a charge of air (or fuel mixture) in the manner lastabove described, on the first cycle of travel of its piston 6 (or 6'), said charge is put under pressure in uthe combustion chamber 2 (or 2") on the travel of said piston during its 2nd cycle, and upon maximum' compression being obtained in saidcombustion chamberignition vis effected by a spark plug, (where a carbureter is used and no liquid fuel is injected thereinto), or by the injection of liquid fuel, in the ordinary way common to high pressure quick combustion engines.

In case both a carbureter and liquid fuel are Vused the use of a spark plug is optional. On the 4th cycle of the travel of piston 6,

(or 6'), exhaust of cylinder 2, (or 2') occurs through valve 19, passage way 20 and valve 21 (or valve 19', passage way 20' and valve 21'), as hereinbefore stated. Valves 19, 19', 21 and 21', are both inlet and exhaust valves to the several cylinders of the unit.

In the operation of this engine oil contained in crank chamber 13 is agitated by the lower ends of connections 9, '79', and held in mechanical suspension in the air (or fuel mixture) in said chamber; and hence, when a flow of said air, (or fuel mixture) from chamber 13 to chamber 12 occurs, through thereof) said oil, so heldin Suspension, will be conveyed thereby into said chamber 12, and lubrication of cylinder 1 is thus obtained.

I claim: ,A

1. In a quick combustion engine, a two cycle cylinder and a piston therefor, and a plurality of four cycle cylinders and pistons therefor, in combination with means to direct, on the combined inspiration and compression travel of the said two cycle piston, the contents of said two cycle cylinder into said four cycle cylinders on the respective inspiration travel of said four cycle pistons, said means alsoarranged to direct the flow of products of combustion in said four cycle cylinders, on the exhaust travel kof the pistons thereof, into said two cycle cylinder on the power travel of said two cycle piston, and an exhaust to said two cycle cylinder to direct products therein to waste.

2. In a quick combustion engine, a two y cycle cylinder and piston therefor and a plurality of four cycle cylinders and pistons therefor, in combination with means to direct, on the combined inspiration and compression travelof the said two cycle piston, the contents of said two cycle cylinder into said four cycle cylinders on the respective inspiration travel of said four cycle pistons,

andv means to direct the respective exhausts of said four cycle cylinders into said two cycle cylinder. Y 3. A compound internal combustion engine comprising a two cycle cylinder, a piston therefor, a plurality of four cycle cylinders, pistons therefor, and a crank case provided with a chamber to said two cycle cylinder and an additional chamber to said four cycle cylinders, a-communicating way between said chambers and means arranged to obstruct the communication through said .way from said two cycle chamber to said four cycle chamber, additional ways arranged, respectively, to provide communication to said chambers, and means to obstruct said additional ways to prevent a flow of fluid therethrough from said chambers.

Y 4. In a compound internal combustion engine, a two cycle cylinder, a piston therefor, a plurality of four cycle cylinders, pistons therefor, a crank case provided with a chamber to said two cycle cylinder and an additional chamber to said four cycle cylinders, ways arranged to permit a-flow of fluid into said chambers, means to obstruct communication through said ways from said chambers, a communicating way between said chambers and means to obstruct comfinunication through said way from said two cycle chamber .to said four. cycle chamber, in combination with means to admit the contents of said two cycle chamber to said two cycle cylinder on the completion of .fthe power travel of the said two cycle piston.

5. In a compound internal combustion engine, a two cycle cylinder, a piston therefor, a plurality of four cycle c linders, pistons therefor, a crank case provi ed with a chamber to said two cycle cylinder and an additional chamber to` said four cycle cylinder, means to establish communication between said chambers and said additional chamber and to obstruct communication between said additional chamber and said chambers, and a shaft rotatably mounted in said crank case, in combination with connecting rods from said pistons to said shaft, the crank pins .of said shaft arranged to permit synchronous travel of saidfour cycle pistons and travel in the opposite direction of said vtwo (ycle piston. 6.

n a compound'internal combustion. en-

gine, a two cycle cylinder, a piston therefor, a plurality of four cycle cylinders, pistons' therefor, a crank case provided with a chamber to said two cycle cylinder and an combination with a crank shaft rotatably mounted in saifd crank case, connectingr rods from sald plstons to the crank pms ofy sald shaft, said crank pins arranged to permit synchronous travel of said four cycle pistons and the travel in opposite direction thereto by said two cycle piston.

7. In an internal combustion engine, a

crank case comprising a chamber adaptedQ to form an oil well and to contain fiuil lin gaseous form, an additional chamber within said first named chamber adapted to receive fluidfrom said firstlchamber, and means to obstruct the return flow of said iuid,` and side walls to said chambers, in combinationwith a crank shaftjournaled in said side walls,

pistonconne'ctions to saidcranlr shaft, saidconnections adaptedto agitate 'oil in said first named chamber to produce suspension of some of said oil in said fluid contents, and means to produce a flow of said fluid andsuspended oil into said additional chamber.

8. In a compound internal combustion engine, a combined two cycle cylinder and compression chamber and a plurality bf.

combined four cycle cylinder and combustion chambers, passage ways commumcatlng with saldlcompresslon and combustlon chambers,'means to obstruct said passage Ways, a rotatably mounted crank shaft, pistons in said cylmders and a connecting rod between the respective pistons and said crank shaft,

in combination with meansto remove said means to obstruct said means tocremove arranged to establish commumcatloniy between said compression'and combustion chambers to permit a flow of fiuid from said compression chamber alternatelyl to said combustion,

chambers and a flow a' ternately from said combustion chambers to sald compression chamber, in timed relation to said pistons.

91 In a compound internal combustion eni gine, a combined two cycle vcylinder and compression `chamber and a plurality "of combined four/cycle cylinders and com- :sesr

bustion chambers passage ways communieating with said compression and combustion chambers,'means to'obstruct said passage ways, a crank case, a chamber to said two cycle cylinder and a chamber to said four cycle cylinders, a shaft journaled in said crank case, means to establish communication from said four said two c cle chamber, .connecting vrods b etween sal shaft and sald plstons to obtain synchronous travel of said four cycle pis' tons and travel in the opposite direction lto said two cycle piston, in combination with means to remove said means to obstruct,

said means to remove arranged to establish communicationl between sald compression and combustion chambers to permit-a flow" of fluid from said compression chamber to alternate ones of said combustion chambers and a owfrom alternate ones of said combustion chambers to said compression chambers, said flows being in timed relationA to said pistons.

WALDO G. GERNANDT.

Witnesses: v

O. L. BEcKwoR'rn, O. J. HoBsoN.

cycle chamber to 

